Part I: Life hacks for the parent new to ABA: Retrain your brain
When working with children and adults with autism and varying disabilities it is important to retrain your brain. Inflection, body language, words, and other natural means of expression are often not deciphered or completely missed with autism. If one way doesn’t work, look for other tactics. Sometimes you must step outside the box. When we adapt and find what works for our children instead of a one size fits all mentality, we have already slayed one of our biggest dragons within ABA parent training. We are not all the same therefore no one should be required to think the same.
Part II: Life hacks for the new parent new to ABA therapy: Know your reinforcers
Reinforcement makes behavior occur more often, and always affects future behavior. When behavior is followed by reinforcement there will be an increased future frequency of behavior. Reinforcement changes what comes after the behavior (consequence) and what comes before the behavior (antecedent). Positive Reinforcement is the most significant and broadly used concept in ABA.
Part III: Life hacks for the parent new to ABA therapy: Understanding extinction
Extinction is a procedure that takes place when reinforcement of a specific behavior is withheld so that behavior will decrease in the future. It’s important to understand what is reinforcing a behavior so we know what to withhold. No reinforcement equals a behavior decrease. Extinction is not a punishment procedure and is used when wanting to decrease inappropriate behaviors. The reinforcement must go extinct if we want the behavior to decrease. Extinction is not always appropriate to use especially when dealing with severe behaviors. The way extinction is implemented varies depending on how the behavior is reinforced. Behavior has three primary types of reinforcement: positive reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, and Automatic Reinforcement.
Part IV: Life hacks for the parent new to ABA therapy: Know your team
Every child in ABA therapy will have a team around them helping them to achieve their goals. The first piece of each team is the family. At Keystone Achievements, we know that the family has been the team since day one and we make no presumptions. We respectfully request permission to join that team when we begin working with each child.
Part V: Life hacks for the parent new to ABA therapy: What is ABA?
ABA is a science, and it was created to influence socially significant behavior and develop techniques that bring about behavior change that is practical and applicable. It is a science that uses techniques and strategies to bring about behavior change.
While ABA is implemented differently with every child, when your child begins to receive therapy there are a few things you can expect. At Keystone Achievements, we start with an orientation from your BCBA. This is a time that we can gather baseline information, early targets, and answer any questions the family might have.
Part I: Functions of behavior: Escape
Every behavior that a person exhibits has a function, or a reason behind it. When a behavior elicits a response from others that the individual wants, we say that behavior has been “reinforced” and that reinforcement is “maintaining” the behavior.
The first function we will address is escape, or negative reinforcement. Behavior can ensue when a child intends to escape or get away from a task/demand, un-preferred activity, peer, teacher, etc. Escape can be reinforced by any delay of a demand even if the individual is still required to complete the task.
Part II: Functions of behavior: Attention
Attention maintained behaviors are simply to gain attention from parents, teachers, peers, etc. This function can be particularly challenging. While it can be easier for us to control our reactions, it’s much harder to keep peers, friends, or even pets from giving the individual the reaction they seek.
Part III: Functions of behavior: Tangibles
Access to Tangibles is the function any time a behavior is reinforced by an individual engaging in behavior to gain access to something physical. Tangibles can be toys, food, or even something that doesn’t seem fun. We’ve all seen children go through stages of being interested in everyday items. Ties, microphones, the Tupperware cabinet, or the broom are some unexpected reinforcers that come to mind, personally.
Part IV: Functions of behavior: Automatically reinforcing
Behavior that is automatically reinforced is not always maladaptive or dangerous, but it can interfere with interactions and what we are trying to teach. If we choose to reduce these behaviors, the best way to keep them from being maintained is by blocking the reinforcement. Depending on the child, simple redirection tasks can help to stop or break up the behavior. A redirection is precisely what it sounds like. We provide another demand or task to redirect the individual from the targeted behavior.
What sets Keystone Achievements apart from other ABA therapies.
At Keystone we recognize that the most important piece in changing the life of a child or adult affected by Autism is the team surrounding them. When we begin applying ABA therapy with a new student, we look to incorporate the parents/caregivers, therapists, BCBA, and any other therapists a child might be seeing into a cohesive unit. This means we provide additional training and resources for every facet of this team to ensure that we are all growing alongside the child we work with. Dedication to our staff’s growth is one of the biggest pieces of the puzzle we fear many companies are missing.
Part I: Things you could see in a sesson of ABA therapy
Engagement is not as simple as being focused completely on the task at hand. A therapist with such a strong clinical focus can see progress, but without emphasis on the child as well, progress will be limited. In addition to clinical focus, a strong therapist will demonstrate daily a passion for a relationship with their student.
Part IV: Things you could see in a session of ABA therapy
Many of the tasks that an individual completes on a day to day basis are often taken for granted. However, when you begin to teach these tasks to a child or an individual with special needs it quickly becomes apparent how many steps these “minor” tasks truly have. It also becomes clear how overwhelming this number of steps can be for some of those we work with.
When attempting to teach these tasks to a child on the spectrum we use a tool known as Task Analysis. A Task Analysis, or TA as we refer to them, writes out and breaks all the individual steps down into observable parts.
Part III: Things you could see in a session of ABA therapy
When we teach a new target, we will often prompt the correct response right away and reinforce their response as if it was independently answered. With subsequent trials we will fade the prompt as we feel confident the child will begin responding independently. This is typically done in a quick flow to build momentum and the child’s confidence. Hopefully, the trend of using positive reinforcement to reach our goals is becoming obvious.
Part II: Things you could see in a session of ABA therapy
Discrete Trial Training, or DTT, is a frequently used tool in Applied Behavior Analysis. It is used by taking a skill and breaking it down into its simplest components and building it up from there. It might not be realistic for us to expect a child to learn to react accordingly to an emotional response in a conversation. However, if we break that skill down and teach how to recognize emotions on a variety of faces from flash cards, we can build it up to the point it could become more natural.